What was covered:
This term was basically on physics, light. Although it is only one topic, it is a very big topic and is quite hard to understand some of the time because it's quite complicated.
Test:
I feel that I did not do as well as I expected, which was an A1 since most of the class scored an A1 and I was pretty confident. However, what I got was a B3, 27.5/40. I was very disappointed. However, I will study harder to get a high A1 for my EOY science.
Reflection of Light:
Light is reflected off a surface and reaches our eyes. That is the only way we can see an object.
There are several key terms that are used.
> Incident Ray: The light ray that hits the surface
> Reflected Ray: The light ray that is reflected away from the surface
> Normal: Line which is perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence
> Point of incidence: Point where incident ray hits the surface
> Angle of incidence: Angle between the incident ray and the normal(perpendicular to surface)
> Angle of reflection: Angle between the reflected ray and the normal(perpendicular to surface)
There are two types of reflection:
> Specular Reflection : light from a single incoming direction is reflected to a single outgoing direction. (when light hits a smooth surface)
> Diffused Reflection : light from a single incoming direction is reflected to many different outgoing directions. (when light hits a rough surface)
The image we see in a mirror is virtual. Our brain processes that the image in coming from behind the mirror, thus making it virtual. This is because if a screen is put behind the mirror, no light or image would be caught.
These type of images have these characteristics:
>same size and shape as the object
>laterally inverted
>same distance away from the mirror as object
Refraction of light:
When light strikes a surface, some light is reflected while some light will be absorbed by the surface. For example, in a air to glass surface, light is reflected off the surface and partially transmitted through the glass. When light is transmitted through the glass, it will bend as it travels from the glass into the air.
When light moves from a less dense to a more dense environment, the light ray is refracted and bent towards the normal.
Reflection:
To me, this topic is confusing but at the same time interesting if able to grasp hold of the concept. However, ms nada did not come and teach us for a period of time and the relief teachers confused me when they taught about different things or things we did not learn.
Monday, September 12, 2011
Reflection for Term 2
What we covered:
We mostly covered biology, sexual reproduction and ecology.
Sexual reproduction we basically learnt about the male's reproductive system and the female's reproductive system. It became quite complex when all the new terms were taught to us.
We also learnt about what happens when we go through puberty. For example, we tend to grow pubic hair, facial hair and armpit hair. Changes inside of our body also occur. We might experience things such as wet dreams when we hit puberty.
Furthermore, we learnt about the process of sexual reproduction whereby the sperm swims towards the egg. We learnt the parts of the egg and the sperm.
Menstrual Cycle:
Menstruation
Main article: Menstruation
Menstruation is also called menstrual bleeding, menses, catamenia or a period. The flow of menses normally serves as a sign that a woman has not become pregnant. (However, this cannot be taken as certainty, as a number of factors can cause bleeding during pregnancy; some factors are specific to early pregnancy, and some can cause heavy flow.)
Name of phase Average start day Average end day
( assuming a 28-day cycle )
Menstrual phase (Menstruation) 1 4
Proliferative phase (sometimes known as Menstruation) 5 13
Ovulatory phase (Ovulation) 13 16
Luteal phase (also known as Secretory phase) 16 28
Ischemic phase 27 28
Follicular phase 1 13
This topic was difficult because a lot of memorising was needed. Thus, I feel that this is one of the topics that need intensive revision in order to do well in.
Lastly, we learnt about the sexually transmitted diseases. These diseases can be consequences of unhealthy sex. They can be transmitted mostly through sex.
Gonorrhea, Syphilis and Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are examples of sexually transmitted diseases.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, A.K.A. AIDS, is a sexually transmitted disease.
The symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of conditions that do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. Most of these conditions are infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that are normally controlled by the elements of the immune system that HIV damages.
Opportunistic infections are common in people with AIDS. These infections affect nearly every organ system.
People with AIDS also have an increased risk of developing various cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer and cancers of the immune system known as lymphomas. Additionally, people with AIDS often have systemic symptoms of infection like fevers, sweats (particularly at night), swollen glands, chills, weakness, and weight loss.[42][43] The specific opportunistic infections that AIDS patients develop depend in part on the prevalence of these infections in the geographic area in which the patient lives.
AIDS is very dangerous and lethal and is a very serious disease. This makes us think twice when we want to have unhealthy sex.
Ecology
Ecology is basically the environment and the factors that affect it. There are 10:
1.Temperature
2.pH
3.Oxygen Content
4.Humidity
5.Amount of water
6.Wave Action
7.Wind speed
8.Light Intensity
9.Salinity
10.Type of substratum
These are the factors that affect the environment and others.
We also learnt about food web and food chain whereby the ecosystem will be affected if one species of living organisms were introduced or wiped out.
Reflections:
I feel that it was a challenging but interesting topic. All of them required a lot of memorising. However, I failed to study hard enough and thus did not do well for the test, acquiring a 23/40. I hope to do better for the next term as I have not been doing well for science for this year.
We mostly covered biology, sexual reproduction and ecology.
Sexual reproduction we basically learnt about the male's reproductive system and the female's reproductive system. It became quite complex when all the new terms were taught to us.
We also learnt about what happens when we go through puberty. For example, we tend to grow pubic hair, facial hair and armpit hair. Changes inside of our body also occur. We might experience things such as wet dreams when we hit puberty.
Furthermore, we learnt about the process of sexual reproduction whereby the sperm swims towards the egg. We learnt the parts of the egg and the sperm.
Menstrual Cycle:
Menstruation
Main article: Menstruation
Menstruation is also called menstrual bleeding, menses, catamenia or a period. The flow of menses normally serves as a sign that a woman has not become pregnant. (However, this cannot be taken as certainty, as a number of factors can cause bleeding during pregnancy; some factors are specific to early pregnancy, and some can cause heavy flow.)
Name of phase Average start day Average end day
( assuming a 28-day cycle )
Menstrual phase (Menstruation) 1 4
Proliferative phase (sometimes known as Menstruation) 5 13
Ovulatory phase (Ovulation) 13 16
Luteal phase (also known as Secretory phase) 16 28
Ischemic phase 27 28
Follicular phase 1 13
This topic was difficult because a lot of memorising was needed. Thus, I feel that this is one of the topics that need intensive revision in order to do well in.
Lastly, we learnt about the sexually transmitted diseases. These diseases can be consequences of unhealthy sex. They can be transmitted mostly through sex.
Gonorrhea, Syphilis and Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are examples of sexually transmitted diseases.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, A.K.A. AIDS, is a sexually transmitted disease.
The symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of conditions that do not normally develop in individuals with healthy immune systems. Most of these conditions are infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that are normally controlled by the elements of the immune system that HIV damages.
Opportunistic infections are common in people with AIDS. These infections affect nearly every organ system.
People with AIDS also have an increased risk of developing various cancers such as Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer and cancers of the immune system known as lymphomas. Additionally, people with AIDS often have systemic symptoms of infection like fevers, sweats (particularly at night), swollen glands, chills, weakness, and weight loss.[42][43] The specific opportunistic infections that AIDS patients develop depend in part on the prevalence of these infections in the geographic area in which the patient lives.
AIDS is very dangerous and lethal and is a very serious disease. This makes us think twice when we want to have unhealthy sex.
Ecology
Ecology is basically the environment and the factors that affect it. There are 10:
1.Temperature
2.pH
3.Oxygen Content
4.Humidity
5.Amount of water
6.Wave Action
7.Wind speed
8.Light Intensity
9.Salinity
10.Type of substratum
These are the factors that affect the environment and others.
We also learnt about food web and food chain whereby the ecosystem will be affected if one species of living organisms were introduced or wiped out.
Reflections:
I feel that it was a challenging but interesting topic. All of them required a lot of memorising. However, I failed to study hard enough and thus did not do well for the test, acquiring a 23/40. I hope to do better for the next term as I have not been doing well for science for this year.
Monday, August 29, 2011
Reflection for Term 1
What we covered in this term:
We covered mostly chemistry this term. Much about the periodic table was taught to us. This include atomic structure, chemical bonding, equation writing and acids, bases and salts. We had many hands-on experiences in the lab which help us to see clearly the experiments right in front of our very eyes.
Firstly, we covered acids alkali and bases.
Acids: An acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ions as the only positive ions when it is dissolved in water.
Alkali: An alkali is a metal hydroxide which is soluble in water and produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
All alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis.
Bases: Bases are the oxides or hydroxides of metal that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only.
To test acidity, we use different indicators to test different pH. They are: methyl orange, universal indicator, red litmus paper, blue litmus paper and phenolphthalein.
The use of red litmus paper and blue litmus paper is to test acidity whereby the paper would change colour. For example, if the solution is acidic, the blue litmus paper would turn red while the red litmus paper would remain red, showing us that it is acidic.
Next, the use of Methyl orange is to test acidity. Methyl orange will only change its colour at pH 4. It will turn red in acid and remain the same as orange in alkali
Next, the use of phenolphthalein is to test whether a solution is an alkali and it will change colour at pH 9. It is colourless in acid and pink in alkali, thus only useful when testing for alkali.
Lastly, the use of the universal indicator is the most useful. It can be used to test all sort of solutions, being able to test both acidity and alkali with a big range.
I feel that this topic is interesting yet challenging. I faced many problems like memorising the periodic table and memorising the formulas(reactions and indicators to measure acidity). This proved to be a big challenge for me. However, with constant practice from the teacher and constant revision, I manage to grasp hold of the concept, even though I was not very good in this subject.
I feel that this topic is interesting as we get to do many lab lessons on this topic and it is very cool to find acidity and to know that many things around us revolve around this concept.
I also learnt more about periodic table and atomic structure.
Every element is given a name and a chemical symbol. A periodic table is a table of elements for us to refer to check what is the atomic structure and other infomation about the element.
In the periodic table:
Each vertical column is called a group.
Each group has its own unique chemical properties whereby the elements in the group have similar chemical properties..
Each horizontal row is called a period.
Elements in a period from left to right shows a gradual change from metallic properties to non- metallic properties.
Each element is represented by chemical symbol.
For example, Oxygen is O.
Chemical bonding is basically whereby two elements and atoms bond together so as to make the other element neutralized. Thus the two elements bond together to "help" each other.
Term 1 test:
I did not do well. I barely passed with a C6 grade. However, I felt that I did not study enough for this term and will strive harder for next term and acquire better results.
We covered mostly chemistry this term. Much about the periodic table was taught to us. This include atomic structure, chemical bonding, equation writing and acids, bases and salts. We had many hands-on experiences in the lab which help us to see clearly the experiments right in front of our very eyes.
Firstly, we covered acids alkali and bases.
Acids: An acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ions as the only positive ions when it is dissolved in water.
Alkali: An alkali is a metal hydroxide which is soluble in water and produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
All alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis.
Bases: Bases are the oxides or hydroxides of metal that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only.
To test acidity, we use different indicators to test different pH. They are: methyl orange, universal indicator, red litmus paper, blue litmus paper and phenolphthalein.
The use of red litmus paper and blue litmus paper is to test acidity whereby the paper would change colour. For example, if the solution is acidic, the blue litmus paper would turn red while the red litmus paper would remain red, showing us that it is acidic.
Next, the use of Methyl orange is to test acidity. Methyl orange will only change its colour at pH 4. It will turn red in acid and remain the same as orange in alkali
Next, the use of phenolphthalein is to test whether a solution is an alkali and it will change colour at pH 9. It is colourless in acid and pink in alkali, thus only useful when testing for alkali.
Lastly, the use of the universal indicator is the most useful. It can be used to test all sort of solutions, being able to test both acidity and alkali with a big range.
I feel that this topic is interesting yet challenging. I faced many problems like memorising the periodic table and memorising the formulas(reactions and indicators to measure acidity). This proved to be a big challenge for me. However, with constant practice from the teacher and constant revision, I manage to grasp hold of the concept, even though I was not very good in this subject.
I feel that this topic is interesting as we get to do many lab lessons on this topic and it is very cool to find acidity and to know that many things around us revolve around this concept.
I also learnt more about periodic table and atomic structure.
Every element is given a name and a chemical symbol. A periodic table is a table of elements for us to refer to check what is the atomic structure and other infomation about the element.
In the periodic table:
Each vertical column is called a group.
Each group has its own unique chemical properties whereby the elements in the group have similar chemical properties..
Each horizontal row is called a period.
Elements in a period from left to right shows a gradual change from metallic properties to non- metallic properties.
Each element is represented by chemical symbol.
For example, Oxygen is O.
Chemical bonding is basically whereby two elements and atoms bond together so as to make the other element neutralized. Thus the two elements bond together to "help" each other.
Term 1 test:
I did not do well. I barely passed with a C6 grade. However, I felt that I did not study enough for this term and will strive harder for next term and acquire better results.
Monday, August 22, 2011
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